ali musa harahap, ali (2021) Civic Engagement in MENA States: An Islamic Exegetical and Historical Inquiry. In: Review on Globalization: From An Islamic Perspective. UNIDA Gontor Press, Ponorogo, pp. 9-20. ISBN 978-602-5620-78-2

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Abstract

It is significantly important to understand to identify causes as to why in the MENA states lack of civic participation. Minimal civic participation reflects the life of the people and the development and democratization of the country. In a recent day almost all countries; developed or developing, are trying their best to be active in their civic participation. However, this not the case in the MENA world. States like Iraq, Arab Saudi, Egypt among others, seem are not interested to such a notion. There must be causes as for MENA states are keeping themselves away from civic participation. According to Jamil E. Jreisat in his book “Politics without Proces; Administering Development in the Arab World’’, the ideological setting has a crucial role in influencing Arab people in majority. He argues that political elites do not open any chance

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