As one of the economic hearts of society, the existence of traditional market in Indonesia is very important for the economic growth. The focus of the problem in this study is related to the role of government in market development in the Islamic economic perspective by conducting a study in the central market traditional Giwangan. This study aims to analyze the role of government of Special Region of Yogyakarta in the development of central market traditional Giwangan and to find out whether the concept of Islamic economics has been included in the role of government. In its implementation, this study used the qualitativedescriptive method. Meanwhile, to solve any existing problems, this study used the normative-juridicalsociological approach. The results of this study showed that the role of government of Special Region of Yogyakarta particularly Department of Trade recently are still in the physical roles, i.e., from the aspect of development through planning, organizing, field action, monitoring and evaluating. Other factors were related to the aspects of infrastructure, cleanliness, and security though the monitoring to the weight scale and market entirety were still conducted. On the other side, with such roles, the sellers and buyers feel comfortable and secured. In the perspective of Islamic economics, such roles were seen little bit different and insignificant. it was with a consideration that Islamic economics have some main rules obliged to be fulfilled such as monitoring to the price of the goods in market, eradication of fraud and any misappropriation to goods and prices as well as the monitoring to market entirely, ensuring the halal of the goods, and stockpiling in which all are the eminence of market monitoring in Islam. Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The contribution unique of this research is Al-Hisbah theory according to Ibnu Taymiyah that implemented in the Yogyakarta Special Regional Government Policy in the Giwangan Traditional Central Market.