Tashbir, Tsaniya (2025) THE CONCEPT OF JUSTICE (AL‘ADL) AND ITS RELEVANCE IN FORMING AN IDEAL STATE (AL-MADINAH AL-FADHILAH) (AN ANALYSIS OF THE THOUGHTS OF AL-ATTAS AND AL FARABI). S1 Undergraduate thesis, Universitas Darussalam Gontor.

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Abstract

The issue of justice has always been a central topic of discussion in society, encompassing various domains such as social, educational, political, and legal justice, among others. The author assumes that justice contributes to realizing/forming the ideal state. This research aims to provide argumentative proof for this assumption. To achieve this goal, the study draws on the perspectives of two authoritative figures: al-Attas and al-Farabi. Al-Attas is chosen for his sharp insights into the concept of justice from a philosophical standpoint, while al-Farabi is selected for being a leading and authoritative Muslim scholar in the field of political philosophy or the philosophy of the state. Given that the two selected figures are experts in philosophy and that the theme revolves around a philosophical issue, this study adopts a philosophical approach. This is a literature-based study employing content analysis techniques to dissect and interpret the thoughts of al-Attas and al-Farabi as presented in their works. Additionally, as the study aims to integrate Al-Attas' concept of justice with al-Farabi’s concept of the state, then, comparative analysis will also be used as a methodological tool. The findings of this study indicate that justice (understood as a just condition) is a fundamental principle closely tied to the realization of Al-Madinah Al-Fadhilah (The Ideal State), which refers to a state led by a ruler who possesses wisdom, justice, and knowledge. The greater the justice present in a state, the more excellent the state becomes, whereas the greater the injustice, the more corrupt the state will be. This study further elaborates that justice serves not only as a foundation for societal harmony but also as a critical factor influencing the moral and intellectual development of citizens, thereby ensuring the sustained prosperity and stability of the ideal state. Despite its limitations, the researcher hopes that this study contributes positively to understanding the theory of justice in the context of governance. The researcher also hopes that future studies will explore justice about other interconnected theories to further enrich this discourse. This research can be further developed through additional methods or cross-cultural and philosophical comparisons (for researchers), contribute to the understanding of justice and curriculum development (for related institutions), and encourage readers to apply and develop the research ideas in real life.

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