Pramono, Muhamad Fajar (2018) PHENOMENA OF HABIB MUHAMMAD RIZIEQ SHIHAB IN ISLAMIC LEADERSHIP POLITICS IN INDONESIA. PHENOMENA OF HABIB MUHAMMAD RIZIEQ SHIHAB IN ISLAMIC LEADERSHIP POLITICS IN INDONESIA. pp. 843-854. ISSN 978-967-440-595-3

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Abstract

Leadership is an object of study that has long attracted the attention of many people. Leadership science distinguishes between formal and informal leadership. In the context of political Islam, the leadership in Indonesia should be from the head of an Islamic political party, wherein the principle of the party is Islam or at least that particular party is a Muslim-based. However, the political reality had shown different things. The comparison of the vote in the election in 1995 depicted that the islamic political parties had gathered 45.13% of vote and in the 1999 election the nummber was 18.6%. Thus, it can be concluded that the acquisition of seats and voter support for the Islamic party parties in the democratic elections in 1999 has greatly decreased namely due to the lost of support by 26.53%. The implication is that in the politics of leadership in Indonesia there are no leaders born from Islamic parties. They are of Muslim status, but their policies and actions are not a reflection of Islamic teachings. In the 2019 Presidential election there is an interesting phenomenon, there is a candidate from the ulama (namely Prof. KH Ma'ruf Amin), but he is not recommended by the Ulama communities and there is another candidate who is not an Ulama, but he is or they are recommended by the Ulamas (Prabowo-Sandi). That is the complexity of the position of Islam in the politics of leadership in Indonesia. This paper will construct the politics of Islamic leadership in Indonesia in a formal and informal perspective and will analyze the causal factors both in terms of the condition of Islamic political parties and based on Islamic ummah and the conditions of Islamic organizations. The results of the study concluded that Muhammadiyah and NU had contributed greatly to the Islamic movements based on the space and conditions in which they lived. Reconstruction of Muhamadiyah and NU has inspired many Islamic movements at that time. History repeats. And there are times when changes must be submitted to those who are more compatible. FPI fills the empty space. Another implication is that there is no strong formal Islamic political figure who can unify the ummah and the nation. The above phenomenon confirms the unclear position of formal Islamic leadership in the political system in Indonesia. The political issue of Islamic leadership is directly proportional to Indonesia's political system which is not pro-Islamic and also not pro-secular which in fact has actually benefited the nonIslamic leadership politics. Therefore, it is not an exaggeration if informal Islamic leaders emerge, such as, Habib Rizieq Shihab (HRS), in response to the collapse of formal islamis leadership politics in Indonesia

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