Putri, Setiamawati (2025) The Relationship Between Stress Levels, Eating Habits, and Hemoglobin Levels with the Incidence of Dysmenorrhea. S1 Undergraduate thesis, Universitas Darussalam Gontor.

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Abstract

Women of all ages, from adolescence to adulthood, typically go through menstrual periods. During menstruation woman often face various discomforts, one of which is dysmenorrhea. Several factors contribute to the dysmenorrhea incidence, including stress levels, eating habits, and hemoglobin levels. Dysmenorrhea can lead to reduced blood flow; the lower a woman's hemoglobin levels, the more susceptible to experiencing dysmenorrhea. Unhealthy eating habits, such as consuming foods that lack essential nutrients, can increase the severity of dysmenorrhea. Stress can also reduce the production of progesterone and alter prostaglandin synthesis, thus increasing the dysmenorrhea incidence. This study aims to analyze the relationship between stress levels, eating habits, and hemoglobin levels with dysmenorrhea incidence. The research type is observational analytic and the research design with a cross-sectional approach. The study sample consists of 100 female students from Universitas Darussalam Gontor, selected using purposive sampling. The instruments used include a stress level questionnaire (Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-42), eating habits (Semi Qualitative - Food Frequency Questionnaire), hemoglobin levels (EasyTouch Glucose, Cholesterol, and Hemoglobin), and a dysmenorrhea questionnaire (Numeric Rating Scale). Data analysis was conducted using the Spearman Test (p < 0,05). The results show a significant relationship between stress levels (p = 0,001), energy intake (p = 0,011), fat intake (p = 0,001), and hemoglobin levels (p = 0,001) with the incidence of dysmenorrhea. However, no significant relationship between protein intake (p = 0,996) and carbohydrate intake (p = 0,184) with the incidence of dysmenorrhea. This study concludes that there is a relationship between stress levels, energy and fat intake, hemoglobin levels, dysmenorrhea incidence. No relationship between protein and carbohydrate intake and dysmenorrhea incidence.

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