sofi mubarok, Sofi (2021) Democracy in Iran? Genealogy of Wilayat al-Faqih as an Existing Political System in Iran. In: Review on Globalization: From An Islamic Perspective. UNIDA Gontor Press, Ponorogo, pp. 153-171. ISBN 9786025620782

	FILE TEXT (Book chapter) 1.1. Book chapter Democracy in Iran, 171-189.pdf - Published Version License Creative Commons Attribution Non-commercial Share Alike. Download (891kB)
	FILE TEXT (Peer Review) 1.2. Peer Review, Book chapter Democracy in Iran.pdf - Published Version Download (584kB)
	FILE TEXT (Plagiarism check) 1.3. 11 % Plagiarism check, Book chapter, Democracy in Iran.pdf Download (3MB)

Abstract

Introduction It seems clear that history has shown how Islam actively and simultaneously plays in the dynamics of world politics. Since the time of the prophet and khulafa’ alraashidin with Medina as the center of government and the constitution of Madina as its base, until the fall of the Ottoman Empire in 1924, Islam has always had an important position in the dynamics of global politics. Interestingly, even after the collapse of the Ottomans Caliphate, Islam has always been considered in the constellation of international politics. Independence movements in several Muslim countries after the collapse of the Ottomans in 1940s and 1950s, the emergence of Muslim thinkers with their progressive ideas about Islam and politics, and the growth of Islamic political movements that have strong ideological roots and a significant role in defending Muslim interests in the international world are some real examples of that role.154 Review on Globalization From an Islamic Perspective As a result, Islam has always opposed by many civilizations in the world. For instance, after the 9/11 attack, Muslims were percept as terrorists or at least supporters of terrorism. It can be read in the book of Deepa Kumar, Islamophobia and the Politics of Empire, how the perception of the western about Islam and Muslims is even worse. Many Muslim countries also considered -by liberal democracy measurement- as non-democratic countries. M. Steven Fish, in his article entitled Islam and Authoritarianism concluded that what is, in reality, show that Muslim countries are markedly more authoritarian than non-Muslim countries, and to him, the station of women links Islam and democratic deficit. Otherwise, the current political system is not only liberal democracy or Illiberal democracy (democracy with less values). There are many systems exist even develop and remain in peace. For instance, the kingdoms, sultanate, communism, socialism etc. One of the well-known non-democratic country is Iran, whom develop their unique political system based on their religion and culture. This system is 40 years old since it emerged in 1979, and even many direct or indirect attack on this system and the country, Iran and its political system Wilayat al-Faqih still exist presently.

View more statistics

View Item