ali musa harahap, ali and Muhammad Zahrul Anam, Anam and Ali Maksum, Maksum and Maharani Alifah Dhiya Rahmadhanitya, Dhiya and Muhammad Fariz Abdillah, Fariz (2022) Securitization of Migration and Kafala System. Atlantis Press. pp. 914-933. ISSN 2352-5398

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Abstract

Abstract. This article aims to shed light on the securitization elements practiced by migrant exporting countries in response to the Kafala system of major Middle East recipient countries addressed to foreign female domestic workers. The existing studies have inferred that the Kafala is a form of securitization. However, those works have little attention to other securitization of migration favored by sending countries. The receiving countries preserve the Kafala to protect their citizen from migrant workers. The system requires a sponsor who initially scrutinizes the workers. Those sponsors, who are employers the most, have frequently kept their passports and related official documents to ensure their safety and the compliance of their workers. This article investigates the securitizing actors, the referent objects, and the audience. The collected data for this paper are mainly from the online database. Data analysis employs word cloud, matrix, and crosstab analysis of the Nvivo 12 + software. The article argues that the securitizing actors of sending migrant countries are the interest groups; the referent objects are human life and dignity; the audience is individuals, groups, or institutions that are active and able to support formally and morally. Keywords: Securitization · Migration · Indonesia · Female Domestic Worker · The Gulf countries

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