Muttaqin, Muttaqin (2022) Kritik Orientalis dalam Aspek Ontologis Studi Al-Qur’an. Al-Adabiya, 17 (2). pp. 187-200. ISSN 1907-1191

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Abstract

This article analyzes the Orientalists who study the Qur'an, they are Abraham Geiger,Theodore Noldeke, William Muir, and John Wansbrough. This research uses descriptive analysismethods to find out how Orientalists view and think about the Qur'an. The main data is collectedfrom books related to Orientalist thought as well as from scientific journals. The results foundseveral Orientalist views of the Qur'an in the ontological aspect. Geiger argues that the Qur'an isinfluenced by Judaism which includes: various stories in the Qur’an, morals, and laws, about life,language, and faith. The Prophet Muhammad took a lot of Jewish cultures and integrated theminto Islam. Meanwhile, Noldeke alleged that the Qur'an was composed by the ProphetMuhammad and that many of its contents were plagiarized from the Bible. His criticism of theQur'an can be summarized in two points. First, he stated that the meaning of the ummiy ofRasulullah was not unable to read and write, but the opposite of ahl kitab. Second, according tohim, the Qur'an is not a revelation. Muir attempted to rearrange the chronology of the Qur'anfrom a historical perspective and initiated a chronological theory. Meanwhile, John considers theQur'an not as a holy book but as a collection of notes on the prophetic concepts of the Arabnation and aims to elevate the status of the Arab nation.

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