Abstract The Rohingya ethnic group is part of the Myanmar diaspora with a complex historical background. This history dates back to the unification of the Union of Myanmar and the Kingdom of Mrauk U. The Rohingya have experienced discrimination and violence due to the lack of recognition of their citizenship by both the Myanmar government and local communities. This condition has been a major driving factor behind the mass displacement of the Rohingya from Myanmar to neighboring countries. Indonesia has become one of the transit countries for the Rohingya seeking to move to Thailand or Malaysia; however, many of them have ultimately settled in Indonesia in order to sustain their livelihoods. Initially, Indonesia accepted the Rohingya on the basis of humanitarian concern and religious solidarity. Nevertheless, in practice, the presence of the Rohingya has led to economic disruption and social tensions, prompting responses from local communities. Therefore, this study focuses on analyzing the impact of the Myanmar diaspora on human development in Indonesia. The objective is to describe the various impacts of the Myanmar diaspora on Indonesia’s human development using the Human Development (UNDP) framework and the concept of diaspora. This research employs a qualitative approach, with data collected through library research based on secondary sources. The results of this study indicate that, based on the concept of human development according to UNDP, the diaspora from Myanmar has had an impact on Indonesia in the form of increased income of local MSMEs, equitable access to micro training, economic sustainability through mixed cooperatives, and economic empowerment of independent businesses. And the Rohingya ethnic diaspora also has an impact on the narrowing of employment opportunities in Aceh due to job competition with ethnic Rohingya, excessive demand for facilities by ethnic Rohingya, inequality of the Indonesian government between ethnic Rohingya and local residents, and inflation around the shelter area, especially in Aceh.