Chiquita Putri, Elvini (2024) IBN ‘ARABI ON WAḤDATUL WUJŪD AND THE DISCOURSE OF RELIGIOUS PLURALISM (A CRITICAL STUDY). S1 Undergraduate thesis, Universitas Darussalam Gontor.

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Abstract

ABSTRACT Ibn ‘Arabi on Waḥdatul wujūd and the Discourse of Religious Pluralism (A Critical Study) Elvini Chiquita Putri 412020223032 This study will discuss two doctrines that are often associated with each other by some figure, namely waḥdatul wujūd and religious pluralism. Waḥdatul wujūd, is a key term among Sufis that specifically refers to the figure of Ibn 'Arabi. In fact, this conception is related to the relationship between God and His creatures. However, it is not uncommon for the term to be taken further by some group in legitimizing the doctrine of religious pluralism. Religious pluralism itself is a distinctive concept that means that every religion is the same, equally true. The main figure in the doctrine of pluralism is Frithjof Schuon. The purpose of this research is examine the shortcomings and advantages of Frithjof Schuon's concept of Religious Pluralism and juxtapose it with the concept of Waḥdatul wujūd Ibn'Arabi and prove to religious pluralists that Ibn 'Arabi's understanding of Waḥdatul wujūd is in line with pluralism is a lie by doing a deeper analysis by interpreting the expressions Ibn 'Arabi about the plurality of religions by relating it to the meaning of waḥdatul wujūd itself. Schuon sees that the diversity of ritual forms in religions is not a barrier for them to later meet at the same point, namely the transcendent dimension. He based this hastily on Ibn 'Arabi's doctrine of waḥdatul wujūd, which he understood as diversity in unity. Instead, this research will examine the issue of the claims of religious pluralists, specifically referring to Schuon, when basing his ideas on Ibn 'Arabi's doctrine of waḥdatul wujūd. This research method is a literature study using a qualitative approach. Data sources in this research consist of primary and secondary sources. Primary sources are Ibn 'Arabi's works that directly discuss the subject matter in this study, coupled with Frithjof Schuon's work on religious pluralism, and with related secondary sources. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive analysis method. The results of this research show that misunderstandings in understanding Ibn 'Arabi's expressions are more caused by studies that are not comprehensive and manipulative, including Schoun. This is because Ibn 'Arabi's waḥdatul wujūd does not affirm the truth outside Islam. For him, salvation can only be achieved through the teachings of the last prophet, Muhammad SAW. The researcher recognizes that this study is far from perfect, so the author recommends future researchers to further examine the ideas of perennialists who specifically base their teachings on the unity of religions through the Sufi tradition. Keywords: Waḥdatul wujūd, Religious Pluralism, Ibn ‘Arabi, Frithjof Schuon.

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