Nirmala, Wulaningrum (2025) THE IMPLEMENTATION OF TOP-DOWN AND BOTTOM-UP APPROACH IN TEACHING LISTENING SKILLS FOR THIRD SEMESTER STUDENTS OF ENGLISH DEPARTMENT AT UNIVERSITY OF DARUSSALAM GONTOR. S1 Undergraduate thesis, Universitas Darussalam Gontor.

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Abstract

Listening is one of the essential skills in learning English. A person cannot speak or express their opinions without first listening. Many aspects of life use English as their primary language. Therefore, learning English has become crucial. However, learners have different backgrounds and varying abilities in the learning process. Thus, the use of strategies in teaching listening is essential to maintaining classroom order and achieving learning objectives effectively. This research aims to identify the strategies used by lecturers in teaching listening and how these strategies are implemented. Specifically, this study investigates the application of top-down and bottom-up listening strategies. Top-down listening involves using prior knowledge, context, and background information to understand spoken language, while bottom-up listening focuses on decoding sounds, words, and grammatical structures to derive meaning. Understanding how lecturers incorporate these approaches can provide insights into effective listening instruction. The study was conducted at Darussalam Gontor University during the 2024-2025 academic year. This research employs a descriptive qualitative method using several instruments, including interviews and documentation. The participants in this study were students from the Department of English Language Education program at Darussalam Gontor University. The findings indicate that the implementation of academic listening skills among third-semester English Language Education students at the University of Darussalam Gontor (2024/2025). Findings reveal that the teacher employs an integrated three-stage approach—pre-, while-, and post-listening—while considering student factors. Pre-listening activates prior knowledge and top-down processing, while listening combines top-down and bottom-up strategies, and post-listening enhances comprehension through interactive activities. Additionally, student motivation, interest, and participation play a crucial role in improving listening comprehension. These insights highlight the importance of a structured approach and learner engagement in teaching listening skills effectively.

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