This study analyzes Belarus' national interests in the Russia-Ukraine conflict using a neorealist perspective and a qualitative research method. As a country with strong historical, geographical, and economic dependence on Russia, Belarus' position in this conflict is relevant for examination. The neorealist perspective, which emphasizes the structure of the international system as well as the state's interests in maintaining security and power, serves as the main theoretical framework for analyzing Belarus' strategic decisions. Through a descriptive-analytical approach, this study explores the factors influencing Belarus' foreign policy, including economic dependence on Russia, political pressure from the West, and efforts to maintain domestic stability. Data were obtained through literature review, including official documents, international reports, and academic literature. The findings show that Belarus' policy of supporting Russia is driven more by the desire to maintain domestic stability, regime continuity, and avoid international isolation, rather than merely ideological closeness. Neorealist analysis indicates that Belarus prioritizes a regional power balance that benefits its national stability. This study contributes to the understanding of the dynamics of Belarus' foreign policy in the context of the Russia-Ukraine conflict, as well as the challenges faced by small states in the rivalry of great powers.