In 2020, tensions between India and China escalated once again in the disputed Middle Sector, particularly in the Galwan Valley, Ladakh. This incident became one of the deadliest clashes in the history of their border conflicts, resulting in casualties on both sides. This study aims to analyze the dynamics of territorial conflicts in the Himalayan region and their impact on bilateral relations between India and China. This research employs a qualitative approach with a descriptive method and a case study framework. The data analysis technique includes data collection, reduction, processing, presentation, and conclusion drawing. The data sources consist of academic journals, scientific articles, books, international documents, and relevant news reports. The findings indicate that border conflicts in the Himalayan Mountains have had significant impacts on the military, economic, international order, and ideological aspects of both India and China. In the military domain, tensions between the two nations escalated, marked by the development of defense infrastructure, an increased military presence in border areas, and frequent skirmishes between Indian and Chinese forces. On an ideological level, the conflict has fueled nationalism in both countries, impacting their foreign policies and complicating negotiations to resolve the border dispute. Thus, this study confirms that territorial conflicts in the Himalayan region not only affect border security but also have broader implications for bilateral relations in political, economic, and global strategic spheres. This research provides insights into how territorial disputes between neighboring countries can influence bilateral dynamics and potentially disrupt regional stability.